ʻO Capsule kekahi o nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau kahiko, i puka mai ma ʻAigupita kahiko [1].Ua ʻōlelo ʻo De Pauli, he lāʻau lapaʻau ma Vienna, i kāna diary huakaʻi i ka makahiki 1730 ua hoʻohana ʻia nā capsules Oval e uhi i ka ʻala o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha o nā maʻi [2].ʻOi aku ma mua o 100 mau makahiki ma hope, ua loaʻa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻo Joseph Gerard Auguste dublanc lāua ʻo Francois Achille Barnabe motors ka patent o ka capsule gelatin mua o ka honua ma 1843 a hoʻomaikaʻi mau iā ia e hoʻololi i ka hana ʻoihana [3,4];Mai ia manawa, ua hānau ʻia nā patent he nui ma nā capsules hollow.I ka makahiki 1931, ua hoʻolālā a hana maikaʻi ʻo Arthur Colton o ka hui ʻo Parke Davis i nā lako hana hollow capsule a hoʻopuka i ka capsule hollow i hana mua ʻia ma ka honua.ʻO ka mea mahalo, a hiki i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻia ka laina hana hollow capsule ma ke kumu o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o Arthur e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka pono hana.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala nui a wikiwiki hoʻi ka capsule i ke kula o ka mālama olakino a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā ʻano dosage nui o ka hoʻomākaukau paʻa waha.Mai 1982 a 2000, i waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i ʻae ʻia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike paʻakikī paʻakikī.
Kiʻi 1 Mai ka makahiki 1982, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lāʻau molekala hou ma waena o nā capsules a me nā papa
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ʻoihana R&D, ua ʻike ʻia nā pono o nā capsules, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano aʻe:
1. Nā makemake o ka maʻi
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā capsules paʻakikī ke uhi pono i ka ʻala ʻino o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a maʻalahi ke ale.ʻO nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole a me nā hoʻolālā paʻi e ʻike ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ai i ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.I ka makahiki 1983, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi i mālama ʻia e nā luna o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ma waena o nā maʻi 1000 i koho ʻia, 54% makemake i nā capsules paʻakikī, 29% i koho i nā pellets i uhi ʻia i ke kō, 13% wale nō i koho i nā papa, a ʻo kekahi 4% ʻaʻole i hana i kahi koho maopopo.
2. Kiekie R&D Efficiency
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike 2003 tufts ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau e 55% mai 1995 a i 2000, a ʻo ka awelika o ke ao holoʻokoʻa o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ua hiki i 897 miliona US.E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ua helu ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau mua, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa monopoly mākeke o nā lāʻau patented, a e piʻi nui ka loaʻa kālā hou o nā ʻoihana lāʻau.ʻO ka awelika helu o nā excipients i hoʻohana ʻia i nā capsules he 4, i hoʻemi nui ʻia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 8-9 i nā papa;ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻāʻo o nā capsules, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke ʻano, ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana he hapalua ia o nā papa.No laila, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka manawa hoʻomohala o nā capsules ma kahi o ka hapalua makahiki ma mua o nā papa.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i ka 22% o nā hui hui hou i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke komo i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i ka pae I, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka 1 / 4 hiki ke hele i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau pae III.Hiki i ka nānā ʻana i nā pūhui hou ke hoʻemi pono i ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻoihana noiʻi lāʻau hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hikiwawe loa.No laila, ua hoʻomohala ka ʻoihana hana hollow capsule honua i nā capsule preclinical (pccaps) kūpono no nā hoʻāʻo rodent ®）； ʻO nā lako hoʻopiha piha micro precision (xcelodose) kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana capsule clinical ®）， A me nā capsule makapō pālua (dbcaps) kūpono. no nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau nui ®） A me nā huahana piha e kākoʻo i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai R&D a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono R&D.
Eia kekahi, aia ma mua o 9 mau ʻano capsule i nā ʻano nui like ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i nā koho he nui no ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻomākaukau a me nā mea pili e pili ana i ka capsule kūpono no nā mea hoʻohui hou aku me nā waiwai kūikawā, e like me nā pūhui hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.Hōʻike ka hōʻike ʻana he 50% o nā mea hui hou i loaʻa ma o ka screening high-throughput a me nā kemika combinatorial ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai (20%) μG / ml), hiki i nā capsules piha piha i ka wai a me nā capsules palupalu ke hoʻokō i nā pono o kēia hoʻomākaukau ʻana.
3. ʻO ke kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā papa, ʻo ka hale hana hana GMP o nā capsules paʻakikī ka maikaʻi o nā mea hana liʻiliʻi, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā manawa nānā i ke kaʻina hana, ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana o ka maikaʻi, ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pollution keʻa, maʻalahi. kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau, nā kaʻina hana liʻiliʻi, nā mea kōkua maʻalahi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.Wahi a ka manaʻo o nā loea mana, ʻo ke kumukūʻai piha o nā capsules paʻakikī he 25-30% haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā papa [5].
Me ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana o nā capsules, ʻo nā capsules hollow, ʻo ia kekahi o nā excipients nui, he hana maikaʻi nō hoʻi.I ka makahiki 2007, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā capsules hollow i ka honua ma mua o 310 biliona, nona ka 94% he gelatin hollow capsules, aʻo ka 6% ʻē aʻe mai nā capsules i loaʻa ʻole i nā holoholona, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ulu makahiki o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). ) ʻoi aku ka nui o nā capsules hollow ma mua o 25%.
ʻO ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā capsule hollow i loaʻa ʻole i nā holoholona e hōʻike ana i ka ʻai ʻana o ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā huahana kūlohelohe i ka honua.Ma ʻAmelika wale nō, no ka laʻana, aia he 70 miliona mau kānaka i "ʻai ʻole i nā huahana i loaʻa i nā holoholona", a ʻo 20% o ka heluna kanaka he "mea kanu".Ma waho aʻe o ka manaʻo kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole holoholona i loaʻa i nā capsules hollow i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana kūʻokoʻa.No ka laʻana, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka wai o ka HPMC a me ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, a kūpono i nā mea me ka hygroscopicity a me ka ʻike wai;Pullulan hollow capsule disintegrates wikiwiki a loaʻa haʻahaʻa oxygen permeability.He kūpono ia no nā mea hoʻemi ikaika.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole e kūleʻa i nā huahana capsule hollow i nā mākeke kikoʻī a me nā ʻano huahana.
OLELO HOOLAHA
[1] La Wall, CH, 4000 makahiki o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi moʻolelo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻepekema pili, JB Lippincott Comp., Philadelphia/London/Montreal, 1940
[2] Feldhaus, FM: Zur Geschichte der Arzneikapsel.Dtsch.Apoth.-Ztg, 94 (16), 321 (1954)
[3] ʻO Französisches Patent Nr.5648, Erteilt am 25. März 1834
[4] Planche und Gueneau de Mussy, Bulletin de I'Académie Royale de Médecine, 442-443 (1837)
[5] ʻO Graham Cole, Ka Loiloi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana : nā papa kūʻē i nā Capsugels.Waihona Puke Capsugel
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-06-2022